animal diversity [chordates-fish]
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- what is a catadromous species
- grow up in freshwater returns to sea to spawn
- describe lancelet feeding
- cilia in mouth pull in the water. water goes through pharyngeal slits. food trapped by mucous , water goes to atrium and out.
- 4 characteristics for chordates
- dorsal hollow chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches and slits, post anal tail
- main group of fish from boy- class actinopterigii
- teleosts, 96% of common fish. adapted to live almost everywhere
- what is the addition to craniata skeleton
- calcium phosphate
- Are chondrichthyes gills exposed?
- yes, their gills are exposed
- what is an example of subphylum cephalochordata
- amphioxus or marine lancelets. Slender, laterally compressed.
- what is an innovation in gnathostomata
- they have evolved jaws and 2 sets of paired fins
- dorsal hollow nerve chord
- other phyla have ventral solid cord. the dorsal nerve cord may pass through the vertebrae.
- class chondrichtyes, common name and description
- cartilinagous fishes. with cartilage skeleton, almost extinct during paleozoic. modern sharks and rays. Upper and lower jaws with rows of teeth. mouth opens to pharynx to gill slits.
- Does the lancelet retain the chordate traits
- yes, they retain all 4 into adulthood
- muscular post-anal tail
- usually related to segmented musculature. primarily for propulsion. works in conjunction with notochord and vertebrae.
- Agnathans , what are the 2 classes
- mixini-hagfishes, cephalaspidomorphi- lampreys
- pharyngeal pouches and slits
- openings of the pharyngeal cavity. originally for filter feeding. adapted secondarily for respiration
- how do ascidians (class of urochordata)feed?
- water circulation. incurrent siphon to pharynx, food trapped with mucus goes to atrium and out
- pharyngeal slits
- gills modified to pharyngeal slits to allow a functional switch from feeding to respiration. pharynx became a feeding apparatus that pumps water into pharynx. increased metabolism, more O2, more blood vessels appear: heart and aortic arches develop.
- describe chondrichtyes reproduction
- internal, oviparous (no care from embryo. just send egg), or ovovivparous (cares for the young a bit
- what are two main innovations of craniata in relation to acraniata
- the presence of a living skeleton. gills become pharyngeal slits
- what are the adaptations of boy fish-teleosts
- streamlined body, swim bladder for buyoancy, high degree of jaw adaptation.
- living endoskeleton
- invertebrates non living exoskeleton. grows with the rest of the body. Relatively light for it's size. composed by vertebral column and cranium, protection of enlarged brain.
- what is an anadromous species
- grow up in sea, return to freshwater to spawn
- common name of class sarcopterigii and class actinopterigii
- bony fishes
- what type of tail and scales do bony fish have?
- homocercal tail and cycloid/cenoid scales
- example of class chondrichtyes
- sharks
- notochord
- flexible dorsal structure. 1st part of endoskeleton. axis for muscle attachment
- what is one important class of urochordates
- ascidians.
- In the tunicates, are the chordate characteristics maintained throughout their entire life, or just larval stages?
- larval only. Adult has notochord and tail disappearing. nerve chord is reduced to a ganglion.
- describe sensory organs of class chondrichthyes
- olfactory sensitive to 1 part/10 billion. lateral line detects vibrations. high vision capacity at close range.
- example of subphylum urochordata
- tunicate
- what type of tail & scales do chrondrichtyes have?
- heterocercal, placoid